A different kind of class

A class for disabled children gives youngsters vocational skills while they receive medical treatment.

The students suffer from cerebral palsy, autism, speech and hearing impairments, and other conditions, some of which due to the effects of exposure to Agent Orange.

Some of them have spent five years learning how to write, while others have learned simple addition and subtraction.

But they’re determined to learn more and their teachers are commited helping them.

The class in the northern town of Nam Dinh is run by the Center for Disabled Children Assistance, which provides children of all ages with an education, vocational training and even job-search help so that they can one day become independent.

Many of the kids are there for medical treatment and physical therapy, but the two senior teachers tasked with running the class ensure that they leave the center not only physically better, but also having learned more about the world.

Learning hurdles

On Monday morning, teacher Le Vu Dao, 83, starts his class with a basic writing lesson for first-graders.

Seven-year-old Quynh Anh, who suffers from hydrocephalus, an abnormal amount of fluid in the brain, which had made her right leg weak and her mental functions slow, tries to stand on her tiptoes to hand her notebook to her teacher.

“Please write the lesson for me,” she says. Anh used to study at a regular public school, but her parents had her transferred to the center after she fell behind.

Next to Anh are 17-year-old Le Phi Huynh, who has a brain disorder, and 19-year-old Dam Thanh Trung, who is deaf. The two boys, who are known for having the best handwriting in class, are carefully writing letters stroke by stroke.

Trinh Hong Trinh, an 18-year-old Agent Orange victim, and 25-year-old Nguyen Thi Thuy, who has a brain disorder, have been studying for five years but still cannot write. Trinh has both mentally and physical conditions related to exposure to the dioxin-laden defoliant used by the US military in Vietnam.

Other students including 10-year-old Vu Thuy An, who suffers from speech and hearing impairments, has been in first-grade for three years.

Twenty-three-year-old Oanh, who has Down syndrome, has attended the class since 1999 but could not read and write fluently until recently. Every day the girl comes to class early and stays late to help her teacher.

Encouragement

As the students have varying ages and impairments, the teachers have to compose the academic programs by themselves, says 71-year-old teacher Vu Ngoc Ha, who has taught at the center since 2005.

“We mainly teach them to read and write. Many students take two years of study to learn to write.”

Ha says all the students are all keen to learn and get good scores. They can be very disappointed by low scores, and some have even torn up their notebooks after receiving poor marks.

“We have to consider grading them with scores that are good enough to encourage them. But sometimes we have to be strict so that they try harder,” he said.

Dao, who has been teaching at the center since the classes began in 1996, said his method was to make his students enjoy their studies, and instruct them as clearly and simply as possible.

He says encouragement is one of his main methods. Dao has taught more than 100 students over the past 13 years and has seen the center’s education program grow from one to two classes.

After mastering reading and writing skills, the students move on to attend a sewing class taught by teacher Nguyen Ngoc Hung.

“The students easily forget what they learn only a day or two after class,” says Hung who teaches some 300 students from Dao and Ha’s class. “Some have to spend the whole year understanding and remembering one idea.”

When the students graduate, Hung asks local garment companies to employ his students and has managed to get jobs for most of them. Many have become skilled workers with monthly incomes of VND800,000-2 million (US$46.77-116.92), Hung said.

‘Don’t blame them’

Tran Hai, 73, the center’s director, says he opened the classes because he realized that “the children can’t broaden their knowledge and integrate into the community after treatment, if they are illiterate.”

The first class was held in 1996 in a VND1-million ($58.46) house with canvas patching leaks in the roof, Hai remembers, saying the first two years were the most difficult when teachers, doctors and nurses had to sell watermelons in the street to raise money for the class.

Despite all the difficulties, almost no students have dropped out of the classes.

Dao’s compassionate teaching has won the hearts of his students and colleagues alike.

“People must have deep love like Dao to stay with these classes,” says vice director Tran Trong Nghiem.

Nghiem tells a story about when Dao urged sympathy for two students who had gotten in a violent fight in Dao’s class.

“Dao didn’t blame them,” says Nghiem.

The internet comes to Vietnam’s northernmost commune

VietNamNet Bridge – Lung Cu, on a plateau in Vietnam’s far north, has been networked to the world through the Internet since early 2008. But this is only the barest betinning. Government-supported programs aim to make the Internet a part of the people’s daily life.

Ethnic minority people in Lung Cu surf the net at the Lung Cu border station.

The Lung Cu valley in Ha Giang province is the source of the Nho Que river, which forms a section of the Vietnam-China border.

Lung Cu communie, 1600 to 1800 meters above sea level, includes nine villages, L? L? Ch?i, Seo L?ng, T? Giao Kh?u, C?n T?ng, Th?n V?n, Th?n P?, S? M?n Khan, S?n Ch? and S?n S? Ph?n.

The villages are home to several minority peoples — H’Mong, Lo Lo, Tay and Pu Peo. The local people mainly grow rice on terraced fields.

“What is the Internet?”

The road to Lung Cu commune of Ha Giang is very cool in the summer. Only experienced drivers can safely drive through sloppy, zigzagging mountain roads, which are wrapped in white fog, preventing the driver’s vision beyond ten meters.

The Lung Cu border guard station is the “headquarters” for three networked computers, the commune’s “gate to the world”. Sometimes, a border guard turns on the computer and clicks to read the news.

Giang A Su, 25, a H’Mong man who was holding a cock at the Lung Cu market, naturally answered “No, I don’t know!” when he was asked if he knows what Internet is.

Not only for A Su but for most of ethnic minority people in Lung Cu plateau, computers and Internet are very strange.

Lung Cu was connected to the Internet early in 2008. The path from Dong Van town to Lung Cu is 25km down the sloping, zigzag road so workers of the Ha Giang province branch of the Vietnam Post and Telecommunications Group (VNPT) had to work hard many days to bring telecom cable to Lung Cu.

“That was a difficult job but we were determined to do it, to improve the cultural standard for the local people,” said VNPT Ha Giang director Nguyen Van Bac.

The first day that the border guards at Lung Cu border station instructed some H’Mong young people to access to the Internet, the youths stared with fascination as the mouse arrow moved across the screen. A boy didn’t dare to hold the mouse, so a border guard gently placed his hand on the boy’s, guiding him how to use the equipment.

The three networked computers sit there quietly and rarely used, mainly by border guards or teachers from a near-by primary school. Since the border guard must pay fees to the Internet service provider, the border station collects charges of 3000 dong per hour. The charge is another obstacle to Internet use by the local minority people.

Even teacher Nguyen Thi Hau, vice principal at the Lung Cu Primary School, said that she can only afford to access to the Internet for several hours a week to visit the website of the Ministry of Education and Training and some news sites.

To go to Lung Cu border station to use the computers, people from the nearest village have to walk for nearly two hours. Giang A Su said that it takes him half a day to go from his village, San Sa Phin, to the border station.

Over one year after Internet went to Lung Cu, the Lung Cu border station’s senior Lieutenant Colonel Nguyen Hai Ly said that the biggest benefit from it is his solders can read the internal bulletin of the border guard forces, the security and defence situation in the border and islands of Vietnam.

The goal of Internet connection

At this moment, the Internet network extends as far as the centres of provinces and districts in Vietnam and into some communes. Under the public telecom development scheme that has been implemented since 2007, the Internet has reached more than 40 percent of the communes in Ha Giang.

Ha Giang province aims to bring the Internet to 100 percent of its border communes and 50 percent of the total by 2010. This plan is supported not only by the State-owned VNPT group but also other telecom companies like Viettel, EVN Telecom and FPT.

“Viettel is building a wireless network in Ha Giang but ethnic minority people so far have hardly any access to the Internet,” said Ha Giang Department of Information and Communications’ director Pham Ma Hung. According to Hung, to really bring Internet to local people, the province has to improve their living standards first.

According to ‘Plan,’ an international NGO, Ha Giang is the third poorest province in Vietnam, after Bac Kan and Dak Nong. Per capita income there is 3.2 million dong (US$180) per year. The few well-off families mainly live in towns. Ha Giang has the highest number of poor districts in Vietnam, six out of eleven districts, totaling nearly 7000 needy households.

Farmers who live in remote and isolated areas in Ha Giang have extremely low cash incomes, about 2.5 million dong per year. When, each day, a person earns about 7000 dong, paying 3000 dong for an hour on the Internet is impossible.

Vu Hoang Lien, director of the Vietnam Data and Communications (VDC), the state-owned firm that is in charge of bringing Internet connection to Ha Giang, said that Internet service providers must slash Internet charges to the minimum level or even provide it free of charge so the mountain dwellers in Ha Giang, nearly 90 percent of its population, can access the Internet.

“We have to show the local people benefits they can get from the Internet, such as information about new plant varieties or animal husbandry or healthy entertainment forms,” Lien said.

The plan to bring Internet to Ha Giang looks very far from realization, but the province’s vice chairman Trinh Duy Quyen boasted that in Hoang Su Phi commune, 385 out of 500 families have mobile phones.

Quyen said these people use mobile phones for communications and business. “If Internet coverage comes to Ha Giang, I’m sure that economic activity and the spiritual life of local people will both be heightened,” Quyen hoped.

Deaf kids get helping hand at school

HA NOI – "My daughter cried and cried when she had to stop going to school after the fifth grade," says Nguyen Hong Trang, mother of a deaf 14-year-old girl in Ha Noi.
Like Trang’s daughter, many other hearing-impaired children miss out an opportunity to study due to the lack of qualified higher-education institutes available to fulfil their needs.
According to a report by the Global Foundation for Children with Hearing Loss, 80 per cent of Viet Nam’s 180,000 deaf and hard-of-hearing children have no access to education. Most facilities now can only teach these students up to the fifth grade.
Xa Dan is only the unofficial statistics revealed by the foundation’s survey, according to Nguyen Xuan Lap, deputy director of the Department of Social Welfare Protection under the Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs.
This is the only school in Ha Noi that has a junior high programme for hearing impaired children.
According to Do Minh Tuan, a teacher at the school, 6th to 9th grade classes for hearing impaired students opened in 2002. Ten students have graduated from these classes since 2007.
"Our school’s ability to provide grants to students is limited. We try to encourage hearing impaired students to continue with their studies after the fifth grade, but many have to stop studying and go to work because their families are too poor," says Tuan.
Tran Manh Nam, 18 years old, who has deaf parents, says: "I had to leave school after the fifth grade. I am currently unemployed and still living with my parents. My dad works very hard as a carpenter, but he is treated very badly and earns only VND40,000 (US$2.2) per day. His job is very unstable."
Making the grade
The first college and university training programme specifically for hearing impaired students, known as "Opening University Education to the Hearing Impaired in Viet Nam through Sign Language Analysis, Teaching and Interpretation", was set up at the Dong Nai Teacher’s Training College in 2000.
This programme has been funded entirely by the Japanese Nippon Foundation for 12 years.
The aim of the programme is to form a group of about 45 deaf teachers who have the skills to teach other hearing-impaired persons.
There are two key components of this programme: first, a general junior high and high school education taught via sign language and written Vietnamese; and second, a university-certificate programme in sign language analysis and teaching. Each subject has special teachers and lessons are conducted entirely in sign language.
"Twenty-five students have finished high school since last year. Twelve of them have continued on to the Intermediate Teacher Training Course," says Nguyen Thi Hoa, Director’s Assistant of the Project.
"At first, all of my students had dreams of becoming a sign language teacher. However, not all of them can pursue this dream because this job requires a great deal of patience," she adds.
"I am very proud of my students. Tran Quang Pham Thai is a great example. Before coming to my school, he was very stubborn and did not study well. But now, he is very confident in teaching other hearing-impaired children," says Hoa.
Nguyen Hoang Lam is one of 12 students who come from Ha Noi. After overcoming homesickness and all other difficulties, he now really enjoys studying and living at the Dong Nai Teacher’s Training College.
"I have always had a dream of opening a school and university for other hearing-impaired people," Lam says.
"A higher education training programme has yet to be available in Ha Noi. Some of my students had to leave home to study in the province," Tuan says.
Due to the success of the project, the Ministry of Education and Training has planned to expand this project to other cities.
"We have begun a similar project in Ha Noi in co-operation with the ministry," says Yasunobu Ishii, chief manager of the Nippon Foundation International Programme Department.
"More than 60 students in the capital and its surrounding areas have applied to participate in this project so far. To qualify, students will have to take maths and literature exams in Vietnamese. The best students will have an interview conducted in sign language," Hoa says.
There is a famous parable which says: "Give a man a fish, he will eat for a day. Teach him to fish, he will eat for a life time. Teach him to teach others to fish and we can feed the world."
"I hope that this project will spread throughout many areas of the country. If so, teaching hearing-impaired students would be much easier because the teachers would also be deaf and have the skills and patience to do the job," Hoa says.
"When higher education institutes are set up in Ha Noi, my daughter will be able to participate and follow her dreams," says Trang. – VNS

A locksmith’s language

He can’t hear or talk, but he can write English fluently and his customers say he makes the best keys in Ho Chi Minh City – by hand.

Locksmith Bui Bach Tuong is deaf, so if you want his services, you’ll have to write him a note.

But his regular customers say the old-fashioned craftsman’s work is the best in Ho Chi Minh City, and he does it all by hand.

Indeed, Tuong’s tiny cart on District 3′s Cach Mang Thang Tam Street has no machines, only old hand-held tools and a few English books.

Although Tuong can’t hear or speak, he’s been studying English and chatting with foreign friends on the internet for several years now.

‘Old as the hills’

“There are about eight locksmith stalls around and all of them use machines to make keys,” said a regular customer of Tuong’s named Nguyen Thanh Co. “Tuong’s method is as old as the hills, but his results are very good. His keys are sharp and match perfectly with locks.”

Like Co, most regular customers said they loved watching Tuong’s skillful hands sharpen key notches one by one with his old iron bar.

It takes Tuong less than one minute to open Vietnamese and Chinese locks and ten minutes to unlock Yale locks, his customers said.

Some have even learned sign language to talk with Tuong, while others just write notes back and forth. But Tuong has also recently begun to expand his language capacity in English.

Almost a polyglot

Tuong said he first began studying English when he met an American in a chat-room while first beginning to use the internet in 2004. The American was also deaf and knew a little Vietnamese, so the two struck up a quick and easy friendship.

“He asked why an intelligent and industrious person like me didn’t learn English to talk with him,” said Tuong.

With his new friend’s encouragement, Tuong began teaching himself the new language using basic English vocabulary books and dictionaries.

At each free moment of the day, Tuong pulls out his English dictionary to study. He said he spends at least three hours learning and reviewing vocabulary daily.

He also practices his skills by chatting with friends online in English, including his American friend as well as several other new buddies from the Philippines, the Netherlands, Germany, and France.

“It’s so interesting. The more I learn, the more I love it,” Tuong said, adding that he was more and more confident each day

What’s in a name?

Tuong’s 84-year-old mother Trinh Muoi Kinh said her husband gave Bach Tuong the name because “he hoped our son would have 100 pieces of luck.”

Bach Tuong means “100 lucky things.”

“But, poor boy! He only faced unfortunate things.”

But Tuong has exhibited the ability to overcome all challenges.

When he was 16, he learned how to be a locksmith from an older friend who was also deaf.

But Tuong still didn’t know how to read or write, even Vietnamese.

When he opened his first locksmith stall at Tan Binh Market in Tan Binh District, business didn’t go well. He moved to a couple of other areas like Tan Phu District, but still couldn’t succeed.

“I then knew I needed to learn how to write in order to communicate better with customers,” he said.

Tuong, then 19, started learning his very first letters. He often practiced by reading anything he came across, from road signs to maps.

Two years later, he could express his thoughts through writing fluently. He soon won a solid customer base and now earns VND100,000-150,000 (US$6-9) per day on average, he said.

“My current customers are mainly regular ones. Maybe they just like the novelty of a deaf locksmith,” he joked.

Sadly, Tuong’s wife, who was also deaf, passed away four years ago after a heart attack.

He now lives with his three daughters, none of whom are deaf.

Though Tuong’s life has not been “easy,” the locksmith says he’s more than satisfied.

“We’re very happy.”

EDEN, a father from Taiwan with three kids.

Eden Social Welfare Foundation in Vietnam established a Chinese kindergarten for children with Taiwan passport from age 3 to age 8 whose parents are held Taiwan and Vietnam nationalities. The goal is to provide those children a place to learn Chinese language and other classes as well as provide child care while parents are working hard everyday to make living. Marriages between two people from different cultures often have lot difficulties, mother, who often from Vietnam, can not got used to the environment, receive unfair treatment in Taiwan or busy at work to make living often come back to Vietnam with children or send children back to Vietnam to raise. These children raised in Vietnam will have difficulties with Chinese language and culture if they don’t have an environment to get familiar with it. Therefore Chinese kindergarten here is not only the remedy for disadvantage couples who don’t have time to take care of children because of working, but also serve as a medium so these children have a chance to involve with Chinese culture.

I, as a Taiwanese who has a Vietnam wife along with two boys and a girl, was forced to move to Vietnam because simply I am not able to raise my family in Taiwan. Said of Mr. Zong. Eden Chinese kindergarten here in Ho Chi Minh City offers a place for my boy and girl to study Chinese culture and language, also I have a peace in mind when I am working outside knowing that my kids are been taking care of here in the Chinese kindergarten. Best of all is, the tuition and lunch are free of charge, the financial burden on my shoulder suddenly become lighter, since kindergarten back in Taiwan charges 30,000 NT per semester per child. I, as a father on the left category of this M-society, has to express my deeply appreciation of Eden Chinese kindergarten, so my family, especially for my kids, have a chance to grow up normally just like other children.

Brief development history of mobile networks in Vietnam

Brief development history of mobile networks in Vietnam

- MobiFone: This is the first mobile network of Vietnam, officially became operational on April 16, 1993. In 1995, MobiFone signed a business cooperation contract (BCC) with Sweden’s Comvik Group to build and develop its network. Since then, MobiFone has grown powerfully thanks to cooperation, technology and experience transfer, etc. with Comvik.

- VinaPhone: This network was set up by VNPT in 1996 and put into operation in June 1997. This is the second mobile network in Vietnam.

Vietnam then had two mobile networks but most of the new services, policies and technologies originated from MobiFone. But as both of them were under VNPT’s management, they offered the same services and followed the same policies. The only difference between them was customer care services. MobiFone, with the assistance of its foreign partner, supplied more professional services.

- S-Fone, the first CDMA-based mobile network in Vietnam, was inaugurated in July 2003.

- Viettel Mobile, the third GSM-based mobile network, became operational in late 2004. From then till the end of 2006, Viettel Mobile was praised as a phenomenon in the mobile market, providing services at low charges. In this period (2004-2006), Viettel Mobile gained the highest growth rate among mobile networks.

- In 2006-2007, the mobile information market welcomed two more CDMA-based networks, HT Mobile and EVN Telecom.

- In early 2008, HT Mobile announced the death of its CDMA network to turn to GSM network. HT Mobile has become Vietnamobile, which returned to the market in April 2009.

- On July 20 2009, Beeline, the seven and the latest mobile network in Vietnam was introduced.

Along with the appearance of new networks, the number of mobile subscribers in Vietnam jumped from 22 million in 2006 to nearly 50 million in June 2008 and up to 85 million in early 2009. The General Statistics Office announced that by the end of June 2009, Vietnam had 81 million mobile subscribeers, of which Viettel accounts for over 26 million, Mobifone over 26 million and Vinaphone around 20 million. The industry has seen 30% annual growth in recent years.

Mobile Phone service look to get 3g license

Mobile phone service providers have worked hard to qualify for a third generation (3G) license under the government’s mobile technology development scheme. In this race, MobiFone, VinaPhone, EVN Telecom, Vietnamobile and Viettel are winners; they have been awarded licences to develop 3G networks. S-Fone, meanwhile, plans to develop its mobile service as a means to receive wi-fi transmissions for laptops.

However, the 3G value-added technologies are still strange to most Vietnamese users. Paying for online services seems to be a luxury to most Vietnamese. Some providers of online services for mobile subscribers (watching movies, listening to music and singing karaoke with mobile phones) face big challenges because of the lack of suitable, reasonable-priced 3G-capable mobile phones in the market and significantly higher charges.

SMS-based services continue to develop. In August, VietNamNet – Vietnam’s leading on-line newspaper – will launch a service that delivers breaking news directly to cell phone users. Subscribers will be able to review headlines and choose which stories they wish to read in full. We will report in details about this service later.

New providers . . .

HT Mobile was reborn early this year as “Vietnamobile” – a joint venture between Hanoi Telecom and the Hong Kong-based Hutchison group. It has replaced CDMA technology by the popular GMS technology and introduced two super-low packages.

Another new network, Beeline – a 60:40 joint venture between Gtel Telecom (a subsidiary of the Ministry of Public Security) and Russia’s Vimplecom group, erupted into the market in July with the aim, it said, of providing the cheapest mobile services in Vietnam in July.

Beeline has set a new market floor, and the other networks are worried.

Vietnam now has 87 million people but nearly 85 million mobile phone accounts. In other words, many people have multiple accounts. As the market approaches super-saturation, the mobile networks are fighting over the same subscribers. Service quality in this race is less important than low, low charges. The entry of Vietnamobile and Beeline can only intensify the competition further in the second half of 2009.

. . . and fiercer competition

The new brand, Beeline, has over 60 million subscribers worldwide and roaming areas provided by affiliates in over 200 countries and territories. This advantage has forced other mobile networks in Vietnam to expand their roaming services.

In the past, mobile operators only provided roaming service to subscribers who pay by the month but lately VinaPhone, MobiFone and Viettel have launched roaming services for pre-paid subscribers to a hundred countries, priced to compete with the upstart Beeline.

As the urban market is already getting saturated, Beeline’s appearance is greeted with reserve. Mobile firms are competing against each other by cutting the prices and improving service quality to hold their current customers. At the same time, they try to attract the remaining low-income earners.

Beeline has announced a package called “Big Zero”, currently the cheapest of all, in which users do not have to pay for the second minute and subsequent minutes of any call to another Beeline number. Beeline calls to other networks will cost 1199 dong a minute and international calls will cost 3600 dong per minute. International SMS messages will be 2500 dong. However, Beeline may not keep its low-charge advantage for long; it has become a rule that whenever a network reduces charges, the others will also cut their charges.

Limited services and limited coverage are the weakness of new networks. Beeline currently can serve only 15 provinces and cities, and Vietnamobile has spread only to major provinces. The other networks have national coverage.

However, the newcomers have reason to hope. A telecom expert said that the market has niches for newcomers like Beeline if they are clever enough to exploit them. The expert added that though virtually everyone has a cell phone, the number of real users is not so high. In addition, young subscribers are “unfaithful” — they are willing to change mobile networks if the new ones promise bigger value.

Has a fight to the death begun in the mobile phone market?

The boom of promotional campaigns

Mobile phone service providers have always had promotions, like cash rebates or bonus air time, but the first half of 2009 saw a brand-new mode of sales promotion. The pioneer was MobiFone, a subsidiary of the Vietnam Post and Telecommunications Group (VNPT), the biggest telecom group in the country.

From mid-February to early March, Mobifone launched a “never-seen-before ” promotion to celebrate Valentines Day (14/2), International Women’s Day (8/3) and MobiFone’s Gold Cup for Brand and Quality. Any user who bought a new phone card got bonus money, bonus time and free text messages. MobiFone’s new promotional forms won an enthusiastic response, particularly from the young, who love sending messages.

VinaPhone (another subsidiary of VNPT), EVN Telecom (part of the Electricity of Vietnam group) Viettel (a subsidiary of the Ministry of Defence) and S-Fone – a Saigon Postel joint venture with Korea’s SLD Telecom) were quick to copy the Mobifone initiative. All these campaigns boomed at the same time, inaugurating a new era for cellphone users.

S-Fone’s promotion was particularly creative. It gave a credit of 83,000 dong worth of minutes per month for 18 months for all new subscribers, and gained a lot of clients in a short time.

MobiFone, VinaPhone and Viettel, one after the other, introduced ‘sim + phone’ packages that bundled a sim card, a mobile phone, plus a certain amount of bonus call credit each month on their account for one year.

EVN Telecom counterattacked with Mely 240, a plan that allows subscribers to make free calls during a four hour period every day.

Competition becomes brutal

When S-Fone entered the mobile phone service market in 2003, it started a revolution with its one-second bloc-based charge calculating mode. Other networks were forced to do the same.

In March, 2009, S-Fone was again a pioneer, introducing its eCo 999 service, with a new one dong per second charge, the lowest so far. Viettel, MobiFone and VinaPhone answered the challenge by slashing their charges. In the first week of June, the ‘big three’ mobile networks dropped charges by 21 percent on average.

On June 6, Vietnamobile (formerly HT Mobile) announced that its charges would always be six percent lower than the average charge of other networks. S-Fone counter-claimed that its charges are the cheapest of all.

MobiFone, thanks to well-conceived and and accurate investment, vaulted into first position in the Ministry of Information and Communications’ survey of customer service and call quality (click here).

S. Korea university seeks to turn science fiction into fact

computer screen that folds up like a pocket handkerchief, a harbor that goes out to a ship and a road which recharges electric vehicles – it sounds like the stuff of science fiction.

These projects and others are well under way at South Korea’s top technology university, which is leading a drive for creativity over conformity to equip the economy for the 21st century.

The state-financed Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) was set up in 1971 as South Korea raced to industrialize its way out of post-war poverty.

Since then, the country has become the world’s biggest shipbuilder and an international force in electronics, telecommunications, autos and steel.

Now, says KAIST president Suh Nam-Pyo, it’s time to move on.

“Korea can no longer develop its economy by following what everyone else has done already, because it is at the leading edge of a number of these traditional industries,” he told AFP in a recent interview.

“I think Korea needs to have a very different kind of education where we produce more people who can think, who can lead by conceiving solutions to problems that humanity has to solve in the 21st century.”

The intensely competitive education system, geared to getting students through crucial college entrance exams and into prestigious universities, is seen as part of the problem.

Parents spent 20.9 trillion won (US$16.4 billion) on private education last year to supplement the state system, but Suh said results are questionable.

“They are not really providing education as such, they teach people how to take exams,” he said. And many of the exams consist of multiple choice questions.

“So students don’t really get to practice how to define what the problem is, how to reason and how to drive solutions.”

For the system to change, Suh said, universities must change.

“Based on that philosophy we eliminated written [entrance] exams altogether,” he said, outlining some of the changes which have made him a much-discussed campus reformer.

In another departure from tradition, professors who fail to make the grade are denied tenure. Students who underperform lose their right to free tuition.

In a bid to become one of the world’s 10 leading science and technology universities, KAIST by next year will teach classes exclusively in English.

“One of our goals is to produce graduates who can become global leaders in science and technology.

Nowadays, unless one is fluent in English, it’s hard to function in a global setting,” said Suh.

Suh, 73, was an assistant director at the US National Science Foundation from 1984-88 and headed the department of mechanical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) from 1991-2001. He came to KAIST in July 2006.

He believes there are some areas in which KAIST can compete even with MIT.

“EEWS – energy, environment, water and sustainability – is the area where we think we need to be good,” Suh said. The online electric vehicle is one example.

KAIST decided that lithium ion batteries are not the best way forward because of cost, weight and finite lithium resources on land.

Its “recharging road” involves burying power strips just under the surface. Vehicles suck up power from the strips via a magnetic device on their chassis as they pass over them, without coming into direct contact.

The system would allow smaller batteries or extended range for electric vehicles.

A prototype at KAIST’s campus at Daejeon, 140 km south of Seoul, already powers a bus service.

KAIST has also received a sizeable government grant to develop its mobile harbor, designed to cut the huge costs involved when big container ships queue up to berth at deep-water ports.

“Why should ships come into harbor? Why not have a harbor gone out to the ships?” said Suh.

Mobile harbors – automated vessels with a shallow draught – would pull alongside big ships in open waters to offload containers and ferry them closer to their final destination.

An automated system creates a stable platform and a special loading system eliminates the need for cranes. One design could handle 1,250 containers at a time, another 250.

Suh sees potential for the harbor in Africa, Malaysia, the Middle East and in the shallow Yellow Sea between Korea and China.

Both projects are going ahead fast, he said. During the economic downturn, “we want to see if we can create new technologies and new industries… good research and development does not have to take years.”

As for the flexible laptop, the idea came from an undergraduate student. KAIST solicits ideas and gives prizes in return.

“The message for students is that everybody has the right to think creatively,” he said. “Creativity is what we are trying to instill in our students.”

Vietnam, Cambodia to reinforce economic ties

Vietnamese and Cambodian leaders on Sunday hailed the relationship of friendship and solidarity between the two countries as they discussed measures to further boost bilateral economic relations.

During a three-day working visit to Cambodia beginning Saturday, Vietnamese Deputy Prime Minister Truong Vinh Trong held talks with Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen and Vice Chairman of the Cambodian National Assembly Heng Samrin Sunday.

The Cambodian leaders praised the visit by Trong saying that it would reinforce and develop solidarity and friendship between the two countries.

Trong and his entourage also paid a courtesy visit to Buddhist Supreme Patriarch Tep Vong at the Oum Naloum Pagoda, and presented hospital beds, medical equipment and computers to the Cambodian Buddhist Centre’s infirmary.

On the same day, Trong and Sen attended a ceremony to establish the Cambodian national airlines – Angkor Air, a joint-venture between Vietnam Airlines and the Cambodian Aviation Administration.

They also witnessed the awarding of a license by the Cambodian government to the Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam (BIDV) to open a representative office, and to set up an insurance company and an investment development company in Phnom Penh.

On the occasion, BIDV presented the Cambodian Red Cross with US$800,000 for its antipoverty campaign, and 700 computer sets for needy Cambodian children.